A 155 lb., 60-year-old man had a chronic productive cough,exertional dyspnea, mild cyanosis, and marked slowing of forcedexpiration. His pulmonary function and laboratory tests follow:Frequency 15 breaths/min Alveolar ventilation 4.1 L/min Vitalcapacity (VC) 2.2 L Functional residual capacity (FRC) 4.0 L Totallung capacity (TLC) 5.2 L Maximum inspiratory flow rate 252 L/minMaximum expiratory flow rate 21 L/min PaO2 63 mm Hg PaCO2 38 mm HgPulmonary function tests after bronchodilator therapy: Frequency 15breaths/min Alveolar ventilation 4.25 L/min VC 2.4 L FRC 4.0 L TLC5.2 L Maximum inspiratory flow rate 252 L/min Maximum expiratoryflow rate 24 L/min PaO2 63 mm Hg PaCO2 37 mm Hg
6. What is the cause of this altered RV?
7. Calculate the tidal volume (TV) for this person before andafter the bronchodilator therapy. TV = AV/f + patient body weight.Hint: TV is calculated in mL, so you will need to convert L to mLbefore completing the equation.
8. Is each TV normal or altered?
9. Calculate the minute ventilation (MV) for this person beforeand after the bronchodilator therapy. MV = TV × f
10. Is each MV normal or altered?
