9. Explain what two types of proteins are transferred from the cytosol to the ER. How...

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Biology

9. Explain what two types of proteins are transferred from thecytosol to the ER. How are these proteins translocated into theRER? What are some examples of proteins that would fit into each ofthese two categories?
10. Explain the secretory and endocytic pathways.
11. Explain vesicle budding and protein coats. 12. Explain thebasic role of SNARES in vesicle docking.
13. Explain the types of covalent modifications of proteins inthe ER and Golgi. Relate these modifications to concepts we havediscussed, i.e. di-sulfide bonds.
14. Explain the constitutive and regulated pathways from theGolgi. Include some examples of proteins that would use eachpathway.
15. Explain the basics of receptor-mediated endocytosis.
16. Explain the mannose-6-phosphate tag for the enzyme deliveryto lysosomes.

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Q9 There are two types of proteins which are transferred fromcytosol to ER they are water soluble proteins and Prospectivetransmembrane proteinsi Water soluble proteins these are heading either forsecretion or for the lumen of an organelle they are fullytranslocated across a ERii Trans membrane proteins are supposed to be in membrane of ERor in other cellular organelles or the Plasma membrane they arepartly translocated across ERTranslocation of proteins across the membrane of the endoplasmicreticulum ER occurs by one of the two ways they arecotranslationally in this way translocationoccurs at the same time along with peptide synthesis by theribosome or posttranslationally in it protein isfirst synthesized in the cytosol and then transported into the ERBoth the process of translocation are mediated by the same proteinchannel it is Sec61 in eukaryotes and SecY in prokaryotes andarchaeaCotranslational translocationIn this proteins which are supposed to get translocated acrossthe ER membrane have a distinct aminoterminal signal sequence itis recognized by the signal recognition particle SRP Ineukaryotes SRP is a large ribonucleoprotein when it is bound tothe ribosome and the signal sequence of the nascent peptideit isable to stop protein translation by blocking entry of tRNA The ribosome is targeted to the ER membrane by a series ofinteractions it starts with the binding of the SRP by the SRPreceptor The signal sequence of the nascent peptide chain thentransferred to the protein channel Sec61 By the See Answer

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