7.Regarding the Theories of Public Policy, which one do you think best describes policy making in...

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7.Regarding the Theories of Public Policy, which one do youthink best describes policy making in today's politicalenvironment? Explain your answer.

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INSTITUTIONAL MODEL Focuses on the traditional organization of government Describes the duties and arrangements of bureaus and departments Considers constitutional provisions administrative and common law and judicial decisions It focuses on formal arrangements such as federalism executive reorganizations presidential commission etc Traditionally political science has studied government institutionsCongress presidency courts political parties etcthat authoritatively determine implement and enforce public policy Strictly speaking a policy is not a public policy until it is adopted implemented and enforced by some governmental institution Government lends legitimacy to policies they are then legal Government extends policies universally to cover all people in society Government monopolizes the power to coerce obedience to policy or to sanction violators Traditional studies using the institutional approach focused on institutional structures organization duties and function without investigating their impact on public policy 2 ELITEMASS MODEL A policymaking elite acts in an environment characterized by apathy and information distortion and governs a largely passive mass Policy flows downward from the elite to the mass Society is divided into those who have power and those who do not Elites share values that differentiate them from the mass The prevailing public policies reflect elite values which generally preserve the status quo Elites have hither income more education and higher status than the mass Public policy may be viewed as the values and preferences of a governing elite The elites shape mass opinion more than vice versa Public officials and administrators merely carry out policies decided on by the elite which flows down to the mass It assumes that 1society is divided into the powerful few and the powerless many only the few allocate values the mass do not decide public policy 2The few are not typical of the mass elites are drawn disproportionately from the upper strata 3There must be slow and continuous movement of nonelites into elite positions but only after they accept elite values in order to maintain stability and avoid revolution 4 All elites agree on basic social system and preservation values ie private property limited government and individual liberty 5Changes in public policy will be incremental rather than revolutionary reflecting changes in elite values not mass demands 6Active elites are subject to little influence from apathetic masses Implications are that the responsibility for the state of things rests with the elites including the welfare of the mass The mass is apathetic and illinformed mass sentiments are manipulated by the elite the mass has only an indirect influence on decisions and policy As communication flows only downward democratic popular elections are See Answer

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