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7. A scientist wants to study the kinetics of a specific membrane protein. They ligate the DNAcoding region of the protein to the DNA coding region for GFP and introduce the DNA intocells. A day or two later, they observe the cells under the microscope and they arefluorescing green. They then shine a laser at a region of the cell repeatedly (orcontinuously) that region loses its fluorescence. They monitor a separate region of thecell and find that fluorescence never decreases in that area. What is the full name of thetechnique that they performed? What can they conclude from their result?a) What is the full name of the technique that they performed? Flurorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).b) What can they conclude from their result? Membrane proteins show lateral movement in the membrane. Due to thismovement of proteins, fluorescenc appears in the region of photobleaching.c) List another photobleaching technique and briefly indicate how it is different from thetechnique described here. The other technique in FLIP (Fluorescence Loss in photobleaching) is a fluoresecnemicroscopy technique used to examine movement of molecules inside cells andmembranes. A cell membrane is typically labelled with a flurescent dye to allow forobservation. The major difference between these two microscopy techniques issthatFRAP involves the study of a cell's ability to recover after a single phtovleaching eventwhereas FLIP involves study of how the loss of fluorescence spreads throughout the cellafter multiple phtobleaching events.d) When or why might photoactivation techniques be preferred over photobleachingtechniques?

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