5. Glycolysis a. The hydroxyl group on the sixth carbon on a glucose molecule is radiolabeled using...

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Biology

5. Glycolysis
a. The hydroxyl group on the sixth carbon on a glucose moleculeis radiolabeled using O18. Please draw out the pathway showingwhere this radiolabel is in each step of the pathway.
b. In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced. Please write outthe reactions that utilize ATP as well as the ones that create ATP,and explain how many molecules of ATP are made in glycolysis.
c. A reaction is set up with 3-phosphoglycerate, where thephosphate atom is radiolabeled (P32) and incubated withphosphoglycerate mutase (unphosphorylated). Please draw themechanism, and list the components of the reaction that may beradiolabeled after five minutes.

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Answer 5 a The labelled O18 in the question is released in thestep 9th as H2O MoleculeStep 1HexokinaseThefirst step in glycolysis is the conversion of Dglucose intoglucose6phosphate The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction ishexokinaseDetailsHerethe glucose ring is phosphorylated Phosphorylation is the processof adding a phosphate group to a molecule derived from ATP As aresult at this point in glycolysis 1 molecule of ATP has beenconsumedThereaction occurs with the help of the enzyme hexokinase an enzymethat catalyzes the phosphorylation of many sixmemberedglucoselike ring structures Atomic magnesium Mg is alsoinvolved to help shield the negative charges from the phosphategroups on the ATP molecule The result of this phosphorylation is amolecule called glucose6phosphate G6P thusly called becausethe 6 carbon of the glucose acquires the phosphategroupStep 2 PhosphoglucoseIsomeraseThesecond reaction of glycolysis is the rearrangement of glucose6phosphate G6P into fructose 6phosphate F6P by glucosephosphate isomerase Phosphoglucose IsomeraseDetailsThesecond step of glycolysis involves the conversion ofglucose6phosphate to fructose6phosphate F6P This reactionoccurs with the help of the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase PIAs the name of the enzyme suggests this reaction involves anisomerization reactionhereaction involves the rearrangement of the carbonoxygen bond totransform the sixmembered ring into a fivemembered ring Torearrangement takes place when the sixmembered ring opens and thencloses in such a way that the first carbon becomes now external tothe ringStep 3PhosphofructokinasePhosphofructokinasewith magnesium as a cofactor changes fructose 6phosphate intofructose 16bisphosphateDetailsIn thethird step of glycolysis fructose6phosphate is converted tofructose 16bisphosphate FBP Similar to the reactionthat See Answer

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