40. Titanium, a hapten, is now being usedfrequently in human joint replacement. In terms of an immuneresponse to titanium, you would expect

     a.   an innate immuneresponse.

     b.   no immune responsebecause titanium is not a large enough, complex molecule.

     c.   anallergic response because titanium is a metal

     d. no immune response because titaniumis not part of any microorganisms

     e.   an adaptive immuneresponse because titanium is foreign to the body.

                       

41. Which of the following best characterizes antigens?

     a. Antigens may be proteins,polysaccharides, glycolipids, or glycoproteins that stimulate animmune response.

      b. Antigens come only fromforeign microorganisms.

      c. Antigens are proteins calledantibodies.

      d. Antigens are immunoglobulinsthe body produces in response to exposure to foreign

           organisms.

      e.   Both A and C

22.   Mrs. Jones titer shows high level antibodies butshe has never had Chagus disease. Mrs. Jones is scared, althoughshe has had no sign of illness, even after being exposed to thiscontagious disease. She is exhibiting:  

a.         naturalacquired active immunity.

b.         naturalacquired passive immunity.

c.         an allergicreaction.

d.         innateimmunity.

           e.         artificialacquired passive immunity.

18. All of the following are benefits of fever,EXCEPT:

        a.  mobilizes defenses by promoting chemotaxis

        b.  inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction

        c.  catalyses metabolic reactions

        d.   increase metabolic rates

        e.  accelerates tissue repair