40. Primary aldosteronism leads to
a. hypernatremia
b. hyponatremia
c. hyperkalemia
d. none of the above
39. Hypernatremia secondary to increased sodium intakecan lead to
a. increased hematocrit
b. decreased hematocrit
c. increased plasma proteins
d. none of the above
38. Slow changes in the extracellulular fluidtonicity
a. have a huge effect on a cell
b. are clinically significant
c. causes major neurological complication
d. none of the above
37. Hyponatremia can cause
a. brain herniation
b. swelling of brain cells
c. alteration in level of consciousness
d. all of the above
36. Extracellular hypertonicity increases geneexpression encoding for which of the following proteins?
a. Na/H exchanger
b. Na/K ATPase pump
c. glucose transporter
d. none of the above
35. Hypernatremia causes
a. water to move out of brain cells
b. water to move into the brain cells
c. brain hemorrhage
d. both a and b
34. The average plasma sodium concentration isapproximately
a. 140 mmol/liter
b. 3.0 mmol/liter
c.5.5 mmol/L
d. 53.5 mmol/liter
33. Hyponatremia can result from which of thefollowing ?
a. increased water intake
b. decreased water intake
c. increase salt intake
d. none of the above
