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3.6 INSTRUCTIONS

Criticize the following in terms of the rules for definition by genus and difference. After identifying the difficulty (or difficulties), state the rule (or rules) that are being violated. If the definition is either too narrow or too broad, explain why.

PROBLEMS

1. A genius is one who, with an innate capacity, affects for good or evil the lives of others.

Jacqueline Du Pre, in Jacqueline Du Pre: Her Life, Her Music, Her Legend (Arcade Publishing, 1999)

2. Knowledge is true opinion.

Plato, Theaetetus

3. Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions from insufficient premises.

Samuel Butler, Notebooks

4. Base means that which serves as a base.

Cheng Wei-Shih Lun, quoted in Fung Yu-Lan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, 1959

5. Alteration is combination of contradictorily opposed determinations in the existence of one and the same thing.

Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, 1787

6. Honesty is the habitual absence of the intent to deceive.

7. Hypocrisy is the homage that vice pays to virtue.

Franois La Rochefoucauld, Reflections, 1665

8. The word body, in the most general acceptation, signifieth that which filleth, or occupieth some certain room, or imagined place; and dependeth not on the imagination, but is a real part of that we call the universe.

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651

9. Torture is any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession.

United Nations Convention Against Torture, 1984

10. Cause means something that produces an effect.

11. War is an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fulfill our will.

Carl von Clausewitz, On War, 1911

12. A raincoat is an outer garment of plastic that repels water.

13. A hazard is anything that is dangerous.

Safety with Beef Cattle, U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1976

14. To sneeze [is] to emit wind audibly by the nose.

Samuel Johnson, Dictionary, 1814

15. A bore is a person who talks when you want him to listen.

Ambrose Bierce, 1906

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