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26. The surface water, ground water, ice and atmospheric watervapor make up the earth’s______________________________________.

27. Bacteria that convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, thusallowing it to re-enter the atmosphere, in the process of_________________.

a. Ammonification

b. Nitrification

c. Denitrification

28. Eutrophication carries excess _______________________ and_____________________ from fertilizer run-off into waterways, withdeleterious results.

a. Nitrogen and carbon

b. Nitrogen and phosphorus

c. Carbon and phosphorus

d. Sulfur and nitrogen

29. The element found in ALL organic matter and present in highlevels in fossil fuels is _________________________.

a. Carbon

b. Nitrogen

c. Phosphorous

d. Sulfur

30. In the water cycle, water is taken into the atmosphereby:

a. Condensation and precipitation

b. Subsurface water flow

c. Surface runoff and snowmelt

d. Evaporation and sublimation

31. Most groundwater reservoirs, or _______________, are thesource of drinking or irrigation water drawn up through wells.

32. The subtropical desert and the arctic tundra are similar inthe fact that they both:

a. Have similar temperatures

b. Have frequent fires

c. Have low water supply

d. Have high biodiversity

33. The ___________________ is the most diverse biome, locatesin the equatorial region, and characterized by abundant seasonalrainfall.

a. Arctic tundra

b. Tropical rainforest

c. Boreal rain forest

d. Temperate forest

e. Temperate grassland

f. Chaparral

g. Savanna

h. Desert

34. The scrub forest found in coastal California, along theMediterranean Sea, and along the southern coast of Australia isknown as the __________________________. It has dry summers and isadapted to periodic fires.

a. Arctic tundra

b. Tropical rainforest

c. Boreal rain forest

d. Temperate forest

e. Temperate grassland

f. Chaparral

g. Savanna

h. Desert

35. Frequently in the rain shadow of mountains, the___________________ have low species diversity due to low andunpredictable rainfall.

a. Arctic tundra

b. Tropical rainforest

c. Boreal rain forest

d. Temperate forest

e. Temperate grassland

f. Chaparral

g. Savanna

h. Desert

36. You are snorkeling along the bottom of the ocean, lookingfor sand dollars and starfish lying on the sand. You are in the_________________________ realm or zone.

a. Aphotic

b. Neritic

c. Oceanic

d. Benthic

e. Intertidal

37. Phytoplankton and plants can be found in the horizontal__________________ zone of the ocean, the area where photosynthesisoccurs.

a. Aphotic

b. Photic

c. Pelagic

d. Benthic

e. Oceanic

38. Marshes and swamps typically have a nearly continuous coverof emergent vegetation. These areas are also know as___________________________, and help reduce the impacts fromstorms and floods.

a. Channel

b. Source water

c. Wetland

39. All of the earth’s open ocean is referred to as the_________________________ zone.

a. Aphotic

b. Photic

c. Pelagic

d. Benthic

e. Oceanic

40. Which of the following is NOT an example of ecosystemservices?

a. Production of food and clean water

b. Climate control

c. Harvesting of crops

d. Crop pollination

e. Waste decomposition

41. True of False: Species are becoming extinct today at everaccelerating rates.

  

42. There were once many thriving ecosystems in the UnitedStates, from the coastal regions to the temperate forests to theprairies of the temperate grasslands. This is an example of____________________ diversity.

a. Chemical

b. Genetic

c. Human derived

d. Ecosystem

43. The core threat to global biodiversity is considered tobe:

a. Methane gas production by livestock

b. Over-farming of agricultural land

c. Human overpopulation

d. Over-fishing of marine species

44. Of the following four threats to biodiversity, which is justnow starting to have an impact, and is predicted to have a muchlarger impact in this century?

a. Habitat loss

b. Anthropogenic climate change

c. Overharvesting

d. Introduction of foreign species

45. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of globalwarming?

a. Rising sea levels

b. Altered migratory pathways

c. An overabundance of saltwater and a shortage offreshwater

d. Extinctions due to starvation and habitat loss

e. All of them are potential consequences of climate change

46. Atmospheric carbon dioxide has reached never-before-seenlevels due to fossil fuel combustion, and is often referred to as a____________________________ gas.

47. Decimation of rain forests in order to plant palm oil is oneof the causes of extinction that occurs due to______________________ loss.

48. Which of the following statements concerning the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna andFlora (CITES) treat of 1975 is false?

a. It requires each country to develop a maintenance plan frothreatened species

b. In only regulates international movement of threatenedspecies or their parts

c. It depends upon the willingness of individual countries toinvestigate and enforce the restrictions

d. All of them are true

49. Mass extinction(s):

a. Have never happened but are predicted

b. Occurred once during the ice age

c. Have occurred five times

d. Occur approximately every 1000 years

50. Removal of dams and allowing the return of natural riverflow is an example of habitat __________________.