22. The cell walls of plants, fungi, bacteria and archaeans arecomposed of different polymers yet serve the same function (supportand protection). What does this signify about their evolution?(2)

23. Binary fission in bacteria produces a(an)

a. identical copy (clone) of the original cell

b. new combinations of genes in the ‘offspring’

24. The process of a bacterium taking up DNA from itsenvironment is called

25. The process of ‘bacterial sex’ (DNA transferred from onebacterium to another via a pilus) is called

26. The process of genes being transferred between bacteria viaa virus is called

27. Why might sexual reproduction in bacteria be important?(2)

28. An organism that produces its own food using energy obtainedfrom the sun is called a

a. photoautotroph

b. heterotroph

c. mixotroph

d. chemoautotroph

29. An organism that must eat other organisms to obtainfood/energy is called a

a. photoautotroph

b. heterotroph

c. mixotroph

d. chemoautotroph

30. A protist that can photosynthesize and/or consume anotherorganism is called a

a. photoautotroph

b. heterotroph

c. mixotroph

d. chemoautotroph

31. A prokaryote that can use oxygen if it is present, but canalso live in the absence of oxygen is called a(an)

a. facultative anaerobe

b. obligate aerobe

c. obligate anaerobe

32. What is a biofilm? Give an example.

33. Why was Kingdom Protista abandoned (or disbanded) in theearly 1990’s?