1.Summarize the structure and function of both the digestive system and the excretory system. How do...

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Biology

1.Summarize the structure and function of both the digestivesystem and the excretory system. How do each of these two organsystems participate in ensuring that the body has enough energy andnutrient molecules? How does each system participate inosmoregulation? How does system each participate in eliminatingwaste?
Please include:Â Â Duodenum, Villi, microvilli, pepsin,protease, chime, jejuno-ileum
4 steps, ingestion, digestion, absorption, secretion,
Kidneys-
Glomerulus - ball of arterioles; source offiltrate
Bowman's capsule â€“ where filtrate is initially absorbedinto nephron
proximal tubuleâ€”nutrients are absorbed and liver toxinsare secreted
loop of Henleâ€”sets up concentration gradient in renalmedulla
distal tubuleâ€”last adjustment of pH and ionbalance
collecting ductâ€”last adjustment to concentration ofurine
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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digestion sytem Ingestion food taken into mouth there is physical breakdown of food by teeth and presence of saliva secreted by salivary gland which moist and lubricate the food also the saliva consist of enzyme amylasewhich can begin to digest dietary starch into maltose Saliva also contains lysozyme an enzyme that lyses many bacteria and prevents the overgrowth of oral microbial populations Digestion Through esophagus the food pass to stomach There is muscular contraction called peristalsis which lead to the movement of food In stomach there is Gastric juice renders food particles soluble initiates digestion particularly of proteins and converts the gastric contents to a semiliquid mass called chyme thus preparing it for further digestion in the small intestine Gastric juice is a variable mixture of water hydrochloric acid electrolytes sodium potassium calcium phosphate sulfate and bicarbonate and organic substances mucus pepsins and proteinPepsin is the principal acid protease of the stomach This juice is highly acidic because of its hydrochloric acid content and it is rich in enzymes This whole lead to soft paste like food called as chyme which is passes to small intestine Through pyloric sphicture present in the downward of stomach the chyme passes to duodenum of small intestine DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION small intestine is divided into the duodenum jejunum and ileum In duodenum pancreatic enzymes releasing enzymes to break down the products from the stomach and bicarbonate to neutralize the acid from the stomach before reaching the jejunum Here the liver introduces bile which allows for the breakdown and absorption of fat from food productsThousands of microvilli form a structure called the brush border that is found on the apical surface of some epithelial cells such as the small intestines through which the See Answer

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