12. Which of the following theories is an example of biologicaldeterminism?

     A. XYY syndrome B. Cohen's lower-class reaction theory C. Marxist theory D. Psychological positivism 13.  Which of the following best describeswhat general strain theory (GST) identifies as the cause ofstrain?      A. The rejection by lower-class individuals ofmiddle-class values B. Negative relationships in which individualsfeel mistreated C. The failure to earn as much money as onewould like D. Suppression of the id 14. Which of the following schools of thought would be mostlikely to claim that criminal tendencies are the result of environmental and psychological factors?      A. Neoclassical B. Classical C. Demonological D. Economic 15. Theresa writes a criminology essay in which she claims thatonly socialism can solve the crime problem. Her essay adheres to the _______ theory.      A. demonological B. neoclassical C. economic D. classical 16. Which of the following is a focus of the social processtradition?      A. Containment B. Biological causality C. Cultural transmission D. Personality adaptation 17. Which of the following is a premise of positivism?      A. Causality B. Adaptability C. The criminal act D. Sinfulness 18. Which of the following schools of thought would be mostlikely to claim that crime is caused by unequal access to necessities of life?      A. Classical B. Economic C. Ecological D. Demonological 19. Critical criminology states that crime is a label attachedto behaviors by which group?      A. Ethnic minorities B. The young C. Religious minorities D. The less powerful 20. Our tendency to generalize explanations for many types ofcrime is referred to as      A. critical theory. B. the global fallacy. C. the theoretical range. D. criminal typology.