12. If white flowers are recessive to purple flowers, if twowhite-flowered peas mate, what proportion of the offspring would bewhite-flowered?

A)0                B)1.0              C)3/16            D)9/16           E) can’t tell

21. What are the Ediacaran fauna?

A. Rainforest organisms that form a “biodiversity pump”.

B. Fossils of the first living things on the planet, billions ofyears ago, and very tiny

C. A worldwide assemblage of large, animal-like fossils thatappear, and vanish, before the contemporary animal fauna appear inthe fossil record during the Cambrian explosion.

D. The first life on land.

E. The ancestors of tetrapods

22. Which of the following organisms is an amniote?

A. A frog
B. A platypus
C. An alligator
D. A slime mold
E. B and C

23. A man is stranded on a desert island with NO VEGETATION. Forsome reason, an intact crate of corn flakes washes ashore with him,and a crate of 15 live chickens. What should he do to survive thelongest?

A. Eat the corn flakes then eat the chickens
B. Eat the chickens then eat the corn flakes
C. Feed the corn flakes to the chickens, and eat the chickens oneat a time
D. Feed the corn flakes to the chickens, then harvest the eggs fromthe chickens

E. It doesn’t matter-all the strategies are equivalent

24. Which of the following statements about the relationshipbetween CO₂ and terrestrial climate, are well-supportedby evidence?
A. CO₂ in the atmosphere is one of several gasses thathave the capacity to effectively trap heat, raising the equilibriumtemperature.

B. Periods of low CO₂ concentration in the atmosphereare linked to cold periods in the history of the Earth.

C. CO₂ is drawn down, removed from the atmosphere andincorporated into the biosphere, by photosynthesis.

D. A and B

E. All of the above

25. In Rosemary and Peter Grant’s study of evolution inGalapagos finches, which of the following were Darwin’s views thatwere NOT supported by the data?

1. Populations evolve by natural selection
2. Individuals with favorable traits pass them to theoffspring
3. Some individuals are better suited to survive and reproducethan others
4. Natural selection is a slow, gradual process
5. Since, as scientists, we believe in Darwinism, even if therewere data that contradict Darwin’s ideas, Rosemary and Peter Grantnever would have published.

Questions 26-27 refer to the followingalternatives:

INTERACTION 1: Early summer flowers such asTrillium spp., are pollinated by a variety of flies, andbees. In exchange for providing pollination services, the insectsreceive nectar and pollen to eat themselves and to feed theiryoung.

INTERACTION 2: Parrotfish are predators ofmarine invertebrates, including crustaceans, bivalves, and otherreef fauna.

INTERACTION 3: Human eyelashes have at leasttwo different species of eyelash mites. These mites feed off ofdead skin cells, and obtain a sheltered habitat from us. They donot affect our ability to survive and reproduce.

INTERACTION 4: Humans all over the world harborworms that live in their bloodstream and other structures. Theseworms use their human host as a staging area to release their eggsinto the environment, and weaken their host, often shortening hisor her lifespan.

INTERACTION 5: The desert tortoise shares aburrow with the sidewinder rattlesnake. The snake, unable to dig aburrow of its own, gets a place to sleep during the day. Thetortoise gets a venomous snake to guard its burrow.

26. Which is an example of parasitism? A) Interaction4   B) Interaction 2     C)Interaction 3     D) Interactions 3 and4          E) None ofthe above

27. Which is an example of mutualism? A) Interaction4   B) Interaction 2     C)Interaction 3     D) Interactions 1 and5          E) None ofthe above

28. In terms of global climate, which is the most importantreservoir for carbon?

A. The atmosphere

B. The biosphere

C. The oceans

D. The soil

E. None of the above are carbon reservoirs

29. What is a blastula?

A) An early stage in animal embryos
B) A feature of fungal reproduction
C) A hollow ball of cells
D) A and B
E) A and C
ANSWER THEM ALL PLZ NO EXPLAINATION REQUIRED