11. Tony and four of his colleagues at the hospital have formeda lottery syndicate where they each contribute $5 a week to buy aticket in the state lottery. In the last draw their numbers cameup. When he was told that the syndicate had won and he would have ashare of $50 million, Tony promptly fainted. How can receiving ashock such as this cause a person to faint?
12.​Siegfried experiences a hemorrhage in an artery, and nowblood is leaking out of the resulting hole. His blood pressuredecreases. Explain the cardiovascular reflex responses that followto compensate for the drop in blood pressure. (Hint: Drawing a flowchart might help organize the sequence of events).
13.​Sharon \"gets the wind knocked out of her\" during a skiingaccident in which she attempted a jump and landed hard on her feetbefore tumbling over. She is conscious but breathing is labored,and she complains of pain and shortness of breath. The firstaid-trained ski patrolman that comes to her aid determines thatSharon has no broken bones, nor is CNS injury likely. He placestiny tubes at her nostrils that blow air (with higher than normalpercentage of oxygen) into her nose then places her on thesnowmobile, and takes her to the first aid tent. Why is Sharon'sbreathing labored? How does the high-oxygen air help hercondition?
14.​Ralph is taking SCUBA diving classes and is confused as towhy he should not hold his breath under water while ascending—hisinstructor told him he must exhale continuously. What would youtell him?
15.​A 30 year old computer programmer has had asthma for 15years. When she lies down at night she has spells of wheezing andcoughing. She has found that she can sleep better sitting nearlyupright. Upon examination her doctor finds that she has an enlargedthorax. Her lungs are overinflated on X ray. The results of theexamination and pulmonary function tests are shown in thetable.
Ventilation rate: 16 breaths/min | Tidal volume: 600 ml |
ERV: 1000 ml | RV: 3500 ml |
Inspiratory capacity: 1800 ml | Vital capacity: 2800 ml |
Functional residual capacity: 4500 ml | TLC: 6300 ml |
After she was given a bronchodilator, her vital capacityincreased to 3650 ml.
What is her minute volume?
Why is there a change in vital capacity withbronchodilators?
16.​What other values are abnormal and why?
Marco tried to hide at the bottom of a swimming hole bybreathing in and out through 2 feet of garden hose, which greatlyincreases his anatomic dead space. What happens to the followingparameters in the arterial blood and why?
17.​PCO2​​​​
18.​PO2​​​​
19.​Bicarbonate ion​​
20.​pH​​​​
21.​Which of the following has the greatest effect on theability of blood to transport oxygen?
A. Capacity of the blood to dissolve oxygen
B. Amount of hemoglobin in the blood
C. pH of plasma
D. CO2 content of red blood cells
E. Temperature of the blood
22.​​Premature babies frequently need to be put on a respiratorto help them breathe. Why does this become a necessary treatmentfor many premature babies?
23.​ ​Air flow in the respiratory system and blood flow in thecardiovascular system have many similarities; name three.
24.​Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneysand released in response to hypoxia to promote the maturation ofRBCs. During the 1980s, a human recombinant form of EPO (rHuEPO)became available. Explain the advantages and dangers ofadministering someone rHuEPO to increase oxygen-carrying capacityof blood.
LAST QUESTION!!
a.​Take your pulse.
b.​Assuming that your SV is 70 ml and 1 ml of blood weighs 1g,calculate how long it would take your heart to pump your bodyweight in blood. (NB: 2.2 lbs = 1 kg).
