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1.) Which of the following statements about language developmentacross cultures is supported by research? a. Languages with a high ratio ofvowels to consonants like Danish, impedes phonological developmentbecause it is harder to segment the speech stream. b. Some languages are much easierfor children to learn than others due to the simple form of thelanguage, such as Cajun. c. Comparisons of sign language tospoken language reveal big differences in the course ofdevelopment. d. Children from cultures that aremore technologically oriented acquire a greater proportion of verbsin their early lexical development than do children from lessadvanced cultures.
2.)	Which of the following illustrates the concept of languagesocialization? a. The differences in phonology ofa language influence the rate of lexical development for thatlanguage. b. U.S. mothers value talkativechildren whereas Japanese mothers do not. c. U.S. children learn verbs laterin lexical development than do Turkish children. d. The meaning of a word varies asa function of the SES level of the child and other socialfactors.
3.	Jerry Fodor's concept of mentales assumes that language a. and though become one processwhich is referred as this. b. directed to the child by parentsstimulates cognitive development. c. determines how an individual isable to think about anything. d. is just the process of learningto map words in the native language to innate units ofthought.
4.	Which view on the relationship between language and cognition issupported by research that shows that children acquire words thatencode concepts that they have either recently developed or in theprocess of developing? a. Cognition depends on languageabilities. b. Language and cognition developin tandem. c. Language depends on cognitivedevelopment. d. Language and cognition areindependent.
5.	Which of the following findings would support Whorf's views onlanguage? a. Finding that children are mostlikely to learn words for objects they interact with. b. Finding that children tend tomap language onto concepts they hold their interest. c. A language that contains morewords for snow than another should be able to discriminatedifferent types of snow better. d. Finding that children, whosenative language contains more regular verbs than another language,acquire verbs earlier in syntax development.
6.	Which of the following statements best characterizes Vygosky'sview on the relationship between language and thought? a. The specific set of values foundin a culture is represented by the language of that culture. b. Language is required to expressall human needs and thoughts. c. Categories of thought aredetermined or shaped by the individual's language. d. Language is the tool used forthinking beyond those associated with basic thoughts.
7.	Why are number words used to test Whorf's ideas on therelationship between thought and language? a. Only after children acquire avocabulary for number terms are they capable of numeric reasoningabout exact numbers greater than three. b. It has been shown that numericsymbols and math operations with these symbols can only occur incultures with number terms. c. In those societies where thereare more number terms, the children are able to solve math problemsat an earlier age. d. Humans can only represent exactquantities up to 10. To go past that requires language.
8.	Which of the following abilities seems to require language? a. iconic thinking b. analogical reasoning c. representational thinking d. color discrimination
9.	What issue pertaining to autobiographical memory has been foundor used to support the importance of language in cognitiveprocesses? a. The finding that an individual'sability to remember details from their past is predicted by thelevel of vocabulary acquired. b. Finding that \"wild children\"raised without exposure to language are unable to recall eventsfrom their past. c. The finding that people withdifferent languages have different types of childhoodmemories. d. The theory supported by researchthat childhood amnesia is largely due to the child's lack oflanguage which is needed to represent early experiences.
10.	What difference is predicted by the Whorfian hypothesis betweenpeople who speak of locations in an absolute coordinate systemverses those who speak in a relative frame of referencelanguage? a. Those that speak with a relativeframe of reference should have a less egocentric basis for locatingobject in a new setting. b. Those with an absolutecoordinate system do better in locating object when they arevisible whereas those with a relative frame of reference do betterwhen the objects are out of sight. c. Those who speak with an absolutecoordinate system should have a better sense of where they are thanthose who speak with a relative frame of reference. d. Those with a relative frame ofreference should be better at conveying the location of objects inconversations than those with an absolute coordinate system.
11.	What is assumed to be the hallmark of the development of theoryof mind in children? a. understanding of falsebelief b. being able to converse withanother child c. understanding nonverbalcommunication d. understanding a story told outof context
12.	Which of the following is not an explanation that has beenforwarded to explain why language skill is related to tasks thatassess theory of mind understanding? a. Language provides the conceptsthat allow children to learn about these states. b. Children who develop language ata faster rate are usually raised in a more nurturing environmentthat expresses more mental states openly. c. It is due to the nature of thetasks which are easier to follow in children with more advancedlanguage. d. Both development of language andtheory of mind are supported by conversational experiences.