1. Which checkpoint and phase of the cell cycle is the expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2...

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Biology

1. Which checkpoint and phase of the cell cycle is theexpression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 the greatest? What is the function ofBRCA1 and why would it make sense that its expression is high atthe checkpoint/phase of the cell cycle?
2. Outline the two parts of the eukaryotic cell cycle anddescribe the three main checkpoints in cell cycle regulation.

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1 Answer a BRCA1 is a large protein with multiple functional domains and interacts with numerous proteins that are involved in many important biological processespathways Mounting evidence indicates that BRCA1 is involved in all phases of the cell cycle and regulates orderly events during cell cycle progression BRCA1 deficiency consequently causes abnormalities in the Sphase checkpoint the G2M checkpoint the spindle checkpoint and centrosome duplication The genetic instability caused by BRCA1 deficiency however also triggers cellular responses to DNA damage that blocks cell proliferation and induces apoptosis Thus BRCA1 mutant cells cannot develop further into fullgrown tumors unless this cellular defense is broken Functional analysis of BRCA1 in cell cycle checkpoints genome integrity DNA damage response DDR and tumor evolution should benefit our understanding of the mechanisms underlying BRCA1 associated tumorigenesis as well as the development of therapeutic approaches for lethal disease The role of BRCA1 in the G1S cell cycle checkpoint needs further scrutiny as BRCA1 deficient cells exhibit an intact G1S cell cycle checkpoint p53 activation has obscured the role of BRCA1 in this checkpoint and further mechanistic studies should overcome this barrier Second it has been shown that expression of many genes that are critical for the spindle checkpoint is down regulated in cells carrying a targeted disruption or RNAi mediated acute suppression of BRCA 1 BRCA1 and BRCA2 encode very large proteins widely expressed in different tissues during the S and G2 phases which localize to the cell nucleus They bear little resemblance to one another or to proteins of known function Orthologs are not found in the yeast fly See Answer

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