1 What is the process of breaking down glucose called if oxygen is present 2 What is the process of breaking down glucose if oxygen is not present 3 Will carbonic acid H CO3 lower or increase the pH of the phenol red solution 4 The yeast produces both fermentation and as a result of OBJECTIVES Describe cell respiration and identify substrate and products Explain how cell respiration can be measured Analyze factors that can affect the rate of aerobic respiration and alcoholic fermentation INTRODUCTION Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy in food into chemical energy in the form of ATP Glucose is a molecule that cells commonly use to make ATP However most cells can use other carbohydrates lipids and proteins as energy sources to make ATP If glucose is the energy source used for cellular respiration the overall equation is represented as follows C6H12O6 602 6CO2 6H O ATP The above equation makes it seem as if cellular respiration takes place in one quick reaction The process takes place very slowly in a series of metabolic pathways and chemical reactions As the glucose is slowly broken down some of its energy is harnessed by the cell and used to make ATP The above reaction requires oxygen Whether oxygen is present or not the first step in cellular respiration is the splitting of glucose in the process called glycolysis When glucose is split two molecules of pyruvic acid are produced NADH is