1. What is the overall outcome of the light reactions inphotosynthesis?

3. Describe the pathway of electron transfer from photosystem IIto photosystem I in light dependent reactions.

4. How and why would the end products of photosynthesis bechanged if a plant had a mutation that eliminated its photosystemII complex?

5. Which part of the light-independent reactions would beaffected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBisCO?

6. Why does it take three turns of the Calvin cycle to produceG3P, the initial product of photosynthesis?

7. Figure 10.6 Which of the following is the correct order ofevents in mitosis? a. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphaseplate. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Thenucleus reforms and the cell divides. Cohesin proteins break downand the sister chromatids separate. b. The kinetochore becomesattached to the mitotic spindle. Cohesin proteins break down andthe sister chromatids separate. Sister chromatids line up at themetaphase plate. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides. c. Thekinetochore becomes attached to the cohesin proteins. Sisterchromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaksdown and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms andthe cell divides. d. The kinetochore becomes attached to themitotic spindle. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate.Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. Thenucleus reforms and the cell divides.

8. ___________ are changes to the order of nucleotides in asegment of DNA that codes for a protein.

9. Identical copies of chromatin held together by cohesin at thecentromere are called _____.

10. List some reasons why a cell that has just completedcytokinesis might enter the G0 phase instead of the G1 phase.

11. What cell-cycle events will be affected in a cell thatproduces mutated (non-functional) cohesin protein? 1

2. Describe the general conditions that must be met at each ofthe three main cell-cycle checkpoints.

13. Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and atumor-suppressor gene.

14. p53 can trigger apoptosis if certain cell-cycle events fail.How does this regulatory outcome benefit a multicellularorganism?

15. Describe how the duplicated bacterial chromosomes aredistributed into new daughter cells without the direction of themitotic spindle.