1 - What is the effect on transcription if nearby histones areacetylated?

Select one:

a. The region is less accessible for DNA Polymerase

b. The genes in this region will be unaffected

c. The region is more accessible for RNA Polymerase

d. The genes in the region will expose its enhancers

2- Are UAUA the first nucleotides in a mRNA?

Select one:

a. No, the first nucleotides are AUAU

b. No, since the first nucleotide in a mRNA is an inverted\"A\"

c. Yes, as this is the transcription start site

d. No, since transcription begins downstream of the TATA-box

3- Do all transcription factors increase transcription?

Select one:

a. No, since transcription factors can promote or prevent therecruitment of RNA Polymerase

b. No, since many transcription factors require activation

c. Yes, by directly or indirectly recruiting RNA Polymerase

d. Yes, by binding to a proximal or distal control element

Question 4

If a gene contains 21 exons, how many introns are there?

Select one:

a. 20

b. 22

c. 21

Question 5

What is alternative splicing?

Select one:

a. When certain exons are included or excluded, in asituation-dependent manner

b. When a mRNA is edited to replace certain nucleotides

c. When a mRNA is incorrectly folded

d. When a mRNA is cut into two fragments and each encodes adifferent protein

Question 6

A mRNA contains the sequence AUUUA, which is known to bind toproteins that recruit Deadenylase. Normally, which nuclease woulddegrade this mRNA?

Select one:

a. 3’-to-5’ exonuclease

b. RNA endonuclease

c. RISC

d. 5’-to-3’ exonuclease

Question 7

A mRNA contains the sequence AUUUA, which is known to bind toproteins that recruit Deadenylase. If this sequence is present inthe mRNA for the growth factor GM-CSF, but mutates to become ACUCA,what do you expect to happen?

Select one:

a. The cell may grow uncontrollably

b. mRNA levels will be unchanged, but more GM-CSF protein willbe produced

c. The mRNA will be degraded more rapidly

Question 8

How do the 5’ and 3’ UTRs of an eukaryotic mRNA influencetranslation?

Select one:

a. They control the recruitment of tRNAs to the ribosome

b. They can either enhance or repress the recruitment of theribosome

c. They can recruit miRNAs or siRNAs that inhibittranslation

d. Two of the other answers are true

e. Three of the other answers are true

Question 9

How do the 5’ cap and 3’ tail of an eukaryotic mRNA directlyinfluence its translation?

Select one:

a. They allow the mRNA to be exported from the nucleus so thatit can be translated

b. They prevent mRNA degradation

c. They recruit tRNAs to the ribosome

d. They are involved in the circularization of the mRNA,enabling efficient translation

Question 10

How is the destination of a protein usually determined?

Select one:

a. By its post-transcriptional modifications

b. By its function

c. By its post-translational modifications

d. By its amino acid sequence