1. True or false: Urea is reabsorbed passively by diffusionalong its concentration gradient as water is reabsorbed.

Select one:

True

False

2.

Anti-diuretic hormone (=vasopressin) acts on collecting ductcells with a vasopressin receptor by the following mechanism:

Select one:

a. activation of adrenergic receptors

b. increase in Na+/K+ pumps in the basal membrane

c. increase in Na+/K+ pumps in the apical membrane

d. exocytosis of vesicles that contain aquaporins

e. decrease in cell membrane cholesterol

3.

A decrease in blood volume, such as from hemorrhage, will causeeach of the following except:

Select one:

a. increased thirst

b. increased angiotensin II production

c. increased norepinephrine secretion

d. increased sodium excretion

e. decreased ANP secretion

4.

An increase in aldosterone will cause ...

Select one:

a. an increase in sodium reabsorption

b. an increase in blood pressure

c. an increase in angiotensin II

d. an increase in calcium reabsorption

e. an increase in water excretion

5.

An individual who is chromosomally XY, but does not have the SRYgene, will have the following phenotype (morphology):

Select one:

a. no gonads and female-like external genitalia

b. no Mullerian duct differentiation

c. ovaries and female-like internal and external genitalia

d. ovaries and male-like internal and external genitalia

e. testes and male-like internal and external genitalia