1.- the protection provided through transfer ofantibodies from mother to fetus is an example of

1. active immunity
2. autoimmunity
3. cell-meditate immunity
4. clonal selection
5. passive immunity

2.- in mammalian defenses against invading pathogens,all of these are considered nonspecific defense mechanismsexcept

1. the inflammatory response
2. acquire immunity
3. mucous membrane
4. the skin

3.- antigens are

1. proteins that consists of two light and two heavy chainpolypeptide chains
2. proteins that are not your own
3. proteins on the surface of B-cell membranes
4. proteins on the surface of macrophage membranes
5. proteins on the surface of T-cell membrane

4.- generally speaking vaccinations are effective incombatting future infections because they induce the productionof

1. neutrophils
2. helper T cells
3. mutation in the host genome
4. memory cells

5.- most allergy medicines contain antihistamines thatblock the actions of histamine. These drugs reduce cold symptoms bydirectly

1. lysing virus-infected cells and preventing further propagationof the pathogen
2. blocking or reducing the inflammation response in mucousmembrane
3. recruiting macrophages to the nasal epithelium
4. stimulating components of the immune system through the releaseof cytokines
5. stimulating the production of a specific antibodies

6.- the quick response of the immune system to a secondinfection is due to the ____, a feature of the immune system asdemonstrated by the success of vaccines

1. activation of macrophage cells
2. innate immune system
3. suppression of supervisor cells
4. new cytotoxic T cell
5. adaptive immune system

7.- which immune system can respond to any pathogen,even those that have never been encountered before ?

1. cell-mediated
2. adaptive
3. innate
4. inflammatory response
5. antibody-mediate

8.- as part of the inflammatory response, ______ engulfand destroy invading bacteria

1. antibodies
2. dead skin cells
3. Histamines
4. mast cells
5. macrophages

9.- Eutherian mammals are uniquely definedby

1. the young developing in a pouch
2. having a placenta
3. having fur
4. longer gestation periods because of more highly developedplacentas
5. laying eggs