1. The equality operation on naturals is correctly computed by the following pseudo-Java method: boolean equals (natural...

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1. The equality operation on naturals is correctly computed bythe following pseudo-Java method:

boolean equals (natural x, natural y) {

if (zero(x)) return zero(y);

return equals(pred(x), pred(y));

}

2. Suppose we define a function f from naturals to naturals asfollows. We define f(0) to be 0, and for any natural x we definef(Sx) to be 1. Then this function satisfies the equation f(x · y) =f(x) · f(y), for any naturals x and y.

3.

Suppose I want to prove \"for all x: S0 + x = Sx\". The followingis valid:

Ordinary induction on all naturals x.

Base case: x = 0, the desired formula becomes \"S0 + 0 = S0\".This is true by the base case of the definition of addition.

Inductive hypothesis: S0 + x = Sx

Inductive goal: S0 + Sx = S(Sx)

Proof of inductive step: By the inductive case of the definitionof addition, S(S0 + x) = S0 + Sx. By the inductive hypothesis,applied inside the parentheses, the left-hand side of this equationis equal to S(Sx)). So the inductive goal is true.

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The solutions for the above questions is given below and if you feel any problem then feel free to ask 1 True because the function is of type boolean and returning bool also the function is taking two arguments as natural x and y And in the first    See Answer
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