1. Real heat engines, like the gasoline engine in a car, alwayshave some friction
between their moving parts, although lubricants keep thefriction to a minimum. Would a
heat engine with completely frictionless parts be 100%efficient? Why or why not? Does the
answer depend on whether or not the engine runs on the Carnotcycle? Again, why or why
not?
2.Some critics of biological evolution claim that it violatesthe second law of thermo-
dynamics, since evolution involves simple life forms developinginto more complex and more
highly ordered organisms. Explain why this is not a validarguement against evolution.
