1. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors exist in several forms.Which one is more associated with controlling cardiac output?
a. The CNS type on post synaptic membranes
b. The muscle type on pre-synaptic membranes
c. The ganglion type that increases Ca++ currents
d. The ganglion type that increases Na+/K+ currents
e. The M2 type on cardiac cells
2. Neurotransmitter receptors in the autonomic nervous systemare all G-protein coupled receptors, except for one. Which one?
a. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
b. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
c. Alpha adrenergic receptors
d. Beta1 adrenergic receptors
e. Beta2 adrenergic receptors
3. In the heart, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors can slowheart rate by manipulating a second messenger system. The samesecond messenger is manipulated by another autonomicneurotransmitter receptor to speed heart rate. What is the secondmessenger and the stimulatory receptor?
Norepinephrin and nicotinic receptors
cAMP and beta adrenergic receptors
IP3 and alpha adrenergic receptors
DAG and beta adrenergic receptors
cAMP and alpha adrenergic receptors
4. Eating certain mushrooms can lead to constricted pupils,diarrhea, vomiting, hallucinations, and sweating, among other signsof poisoning. Agonism of which one of the following receptors ismost often associated with these signs?
Niconitin acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Alpha1 adrenergic receptor
Beta1 adrenergic receptor
Beta2 adrenergic receptor
5. When activated, certain receptors can cause vascular smoothmuscle contraction leading to blood vessel constriction. Thisresults in increased vascular resistance and blood pressure.Downstream of the receptor, a second messenger is responsible formore directly triggering vascular smooth muscle contraction. Whichone of the following pairs of receptor and signaling molecule ismost directly responsible for driving vascular smooth musclecontraction and increased blood pressure?
Nicotinic receptors and Na+
Muscarinic receptors and cAMP
Alpha1 adrenergic receptors and Ca++
Alpha2 receptors and K+
Beta1 receptors and cAMP
6. Increased Ca++ concentrations in cardiomyocytes during thecontraction phase of the cardiac cycle is driven by activation ofwhich one of the following receptors and the associated secondmessenger?
Alpha1 adrenergic receptors and cAMP
Beta1 adrenergic receptors and cAMP
Beta2 adrenergic receptors and IP3
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and DAG
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and Ca++
7. Sympathetic stimulation of juxtaglomerular cells is mediatedvia...
Alpha1 cholinergic receptors
Muscarinic adrenergic receptors
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Beta1 adrenergic receptors
Angiotensin II receptors
8. Benzedrine is a drug containing the racemic mixture ofamphetamine, which is an equal parts mixture of levoamphetamine anddextroamphetamine. It was first marketed in 1933 as a decongestantin the United States in the form of inhalers. It was subsequentlyused for a wide variety of medical and military applications suchas for weight loss or to prevent drowsiness. Benzedrine tabletsgained considerable popularity as a recreational drug, being knowncolloquially as cross-tops or Bennies, to the degree that the drugis now listed as a controlled substance. Benzidrine has beenimmortalized in song by numerous artists including Elton John(Bennie and the Jets) and Tom Lehrer (Bright CollegeDays). Benzedrine is an example of a...
Non-selective adrenomimetic agent
Non-selective cholinomimetic agent
Non-selective adrenolytic agent
Non-selective cholinomimetic agent
Muscarinic agonist
9. For thousands of years, human consumption of fungus(Claviceps purpurea)-contaminated rye grains has led to adverseeffects. The symptoms are generally referred to as St. Anthony'sFire because of a group of European monks (the Hospital Brothers ofSt. Anthony) who became renowned for their attempts to alleviatethe suffering of the afflicted. Ergot alkaloids produced by thefungus (e.g., ergotamine) are responsible for ergotism, a form ofpoisoning that results from sufficient exposure and includessigns/symptoms including burning of the limbs with consequentgangrene in some cases, hallucinations and attendant irrationalbehavior, convulsions, strong uterine contractions, nausea,seizures, high fever, vomiting, loss of muscle strength,unconsciousness, and even death. Ergot alkaloids have been employedfor centuries as abortifacients. Agents of this type are classifiedas...
Non-selective adrenomimetics
Non-selective cholinomimetics
Beta adrenergic agonists
Alpha adrenergic agonists
Nicotinic antagonists
10. Propranolol is on the World Health Organization's List ofEssential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines neededin a health system. It is used to treat high blood pressure(although better drugs have since been developed for this),irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas,performance anxiety, essential tremors, and to prevent migraineheadaches, among other ailments. Use of propranolol is alsoassociated with a variety of common side effects. Propranolol wasdiscovered in 1964 by British scientist James W. Black, a successfor which he was later awarded the Nobel Prize. In a 1987 study bythe International Conference of Symphony and Opera Musicians, 27%of interviewed members admitted to using propranolol or similaragents for musical performances. For about 10–16% of performers,their degree of stage fright is considered pathological.Propranolol is categorized as a...
Non-selective cholinomimetic agent
Nicotinic antagonist
Beta adrenergic antagonist
Beta-1 adrenergic antagonist
M2 muscarinic agonist
