1. Explain the basic treatment categories for hazardous waste. 2. Determine the compacted waste to soil ratio...

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Civil Engineering

1. Explain the basic treatment categories for hazardouswaste.
2. Determine the compacted waste to soil ratio (by volume) foran assumed compacted waste density of 500 kg/m3. The designdisposal rate is 60 tons per day. The cell height and width will be3.0 m and 5.0 m respectively. Take the slope of working faces as 3horizontal to 1 vertical. The prescribed daily soil cover thicknessis to be 200 mm.
3. It is mandatory that a civil engineer research a potentialsite and then design a construction and operation plan based onlocal geological characteristics before an operator can safelybuild a landfill. You have to design a new landfill with a 25 yearlifespan. Determine the compacted landfill waste volume, the coversoil volume required and the landfill footprint area. The soilburrow pit is estimated to be 5 m deep. The solid waste generatedper capita average 3.0 kg/day. The initial rate of deposition is200 tons/day. The population growth rate is 2% per annum. Theestimated compacted density of the waste at the site is 700 kg/m3.The minimum buffer zone to the landfill is to be 500 m. Assume avolumetric ratio of cover material to compacted waste of 1:4.Assume an 8 hectare allowance for landfill facilities.
4. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic digestion are processes thatbreakdowns biodegradable material. Discuss the application for thisprocesses with regards to solid waste management
5. Describe the mechanical biological treatment system and statefive possible advantages of this system.
6. The â€œwaste hierarchyâ€ ranks waste management optionsaccording to what is best for the environment. Describe the wastehierarchy.
7. Determine the classification of a landfill that yieldsevaporation records of 2 200 mm per year and rainfall of 600 mm peryear. The site receives only general waste from a rural communityand the estimated current disposal rate is 0,80 Tons per day. Thesite life is expected to be 7 years.
8. The final cover of a landfill functions as a way to keepwater out of the contaminate and to control the runoff fromentering the system. Draw an annotated drawing of a class G: L: B -landfill.
9. State and discuss the role of MRFs in an Integrated SolidWaste Management System

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1The disposal process for hazardous waste and nonhazardous wastecan vary considerably so it is imperative to know what isconsidered hazardous waste and what is not The EPA defines threetypes of hazardous waste listed characteristic and mixedradiological waste Each of these categories has subcategories thatcan become very precise but the basics are as followsListed WastesListed wastes are those that come from manufacturing processes andidentifiable industries or can be created from commercial productchemical wastes There are four types of listed waste F K P andU wasteFList WasteWastes on the Flist come from nonspecific sources They aregenerated from manufacturing and industrial processes but theseprocesses can occur in many different sectors of industry The EPAdefines seven groups of Flist wastes and they are grouped by themanner in which they are createdKList WasteIn contrast to Flist wastes Klist wastes do have specificsources They too come from manufacturing and industrialprocesses but they originate from identifiable industries such aswood preservation petroleum refining and explosivesmanufacturing There are 13 of these categories detaileddescriptions can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations Title40 section 26132P and UList WasteP and Ulisted wastes indicate pure unused chemicals intended fordisposal and they share three criteria they contain one of thechemicals on the P or U list said chemical is unused in the wasteand the chemical is in the form of a commercial chemicalproductPlist waste is acute waste and its empty containers are treatedas hazardous waste Ulist waste is also toxic but the emptycontainers are not considered hazardousCharacteristic WastesCharacteristic wastes are defined by their exhibition of at leastone of the following properties ignitability corrosivityreactivity and toxicityIgnitable Waste that can be set on fire Wastes with thisquality include compressed gases solid waste prone to spontaneouscombustion and liquids with flashpoints below 60 CCorrosive Waste that is able to eat away at another substancethrough chemical reactions Hazardous wastes with this qualityinclude liquid waste with a pH of 2 and below or of 125 See Answer

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