1) Describe the effect of hypovolemic shock on the blood vesselsand the heart.
2) Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease of blood vesselsthat is responsible for millions of deaths each year. Describe thedisease process, noting the involvement of specific cell/tissuetypes and molecules.
3) A woman in her early 50s appeared at a walk-in clinic,complaining of aching pain in her right leg following a fall.Visual examination revealed that the medial aspect of that leg wasred and swollen. A diagnosis of phlebitis was made. What isphlebitis, and what more serious condition may result if properhealing does not occur?
4) For each of the following situations, describe theanticipated effect on blood pressure and the physiological basis ofthe response: (1) a high-salt diet, (2) a blow on the head thatdamages (disables) the vasomotor center, (3) an attack by a mugger,and (4) a hypothalamic tumor resulting in excess ADHproduction.
5) Mrs. Gray, a 50-year-old mother of seven children, iscomplaining of dull, aching pains in her legs. She reports thatthey have been getting progressively worse since the birth of herlast child. During her physical examination, numerous varicositiesare seen in both legs. How are varicosities recognized? What veinsare most likely involved? What pathologic changes have occurred inthese veins, and what is the most likely cause in this patient'scase?
6) Mr. Wilson is a 45-year-old stockbroker with essentialhypertension. He is African American, obese, and he smokes 2-3packs of cigarettes daily. What risk factors for hypertension aretypified by Mr. Wilson? What steps should be taken to treat Mr.Wilson, and what lifestyle changes should he make? Whatcomplications are likely if corrective steps are not taken?
7) A pregnant patient comes into a clinic and asks about a smallpainless dark compressible bulge that is becoming more apparent onher leg. What is it and what caused it?
8) At the battle of Shiloh in the American Civil War,Confederate General A. S. Johnston was killed when he was shot inthe thigh. Witnesses reported that he bled to death almost beforehe realized that he was wounded. Which blood vessel was most likelyto have been injured? Why is a tourniquet usually ineffective instopping the bleeding from this wound?
9) A patient lost a lot of blood during surgery and his bloodpressure dropped from 120/80 to 90/50. Describe how the kidneysrespond to this change in blood pressure.
10) A patient has an 80% blockage of his left anteriordescending coronary artery. Describe what occurs in terms ofmyocardial oxygen supply and demand if his sympathetic nervoussystem is stimulated.
