1. Describe the axis of an ECG lead and the vector of electrical current. 2. Identify the...

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Medical Sciences

1. Describe the axis of an ECG lead and the vector of electricalcurrent.
2. Identify the waves, complexes, segments and intervals on anECG.
3. Identify the limb, augmented limb, and precordial leads.
4. Identify the negative and positive electrodes for thedifferent lead configurations.
5. Describe the process of analyzing an ECG strip orrecording.

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1 Cardiac vector is the direction at which electrical potential generated in the heart travels at an instant It is also called cardiac axis Vector is represented by an arrow Arrowhead shows the direction of electrical potential Length of the arrow represents the amplitude magnitude or voltage of the potential INSTANTANEOUS MEAN VECTOR Current flows in all directions Mean direction of flow of electrical potential at one instance is known as instantaneous mean vector or instantaneous summated vector For example when current flows through interventricular septum from the base of ventricles towards apex the electrical potential generated by flow of current travels in different directions as follows 1 Electrical potential travels downwards through the interventricular septum towards the apical part ie from depolarized part of septum towards nondepolarized polarized part of septum This potential is strong 2 Through the inner surface of ventricles the potential travels upwards from apical part towards the baseThis potential is weak 3 Through the outer surface of heart the electrical potential travels downwards It has a higher magnitude Though the potential travels in all directions in this instance the potential flowing downwards from base to apex of the heart is much greater in magnitude than the potential flowing in other directions Thus the mean direction of flow of electrical potential in this instance is downwards This downward vector is called instantaneous mean vector or instantaneous summated vector at this instance DEGREE OF INSTANTANEOUS MEAN VECTOR While recording electrocardiogram ECG in different limb leads the degree of vector is altered Direction of current flow is always from negative point towards the positive point When the electrical potential flows in a horizontal plane from right side towards left side of the heart the degree of vector is zero DEGREE OF INSTANTANEOUS MEAN VECTOR AT DIFFERENT LIMB LEADS Standard Limb Lead I Right Arm and Left Arm In this instance the electrical potential travels from right side negative point of the heart towards the left side positive point in the horizontal plane So the degree of vector is considered as zero Standard Limb Lead II Right Arm and Left Leg Vector is from above downwards and See Answer

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