1. A. Discuss the process of the chloride shift in both the respiratory and the digestive...

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Medical Sciences

1. A. Discuss the process of the chloride shift in both therespiratory and the digestive systems.
B. Why are HCl and intrinsic factor necessary in the digestivesystem?
C. Briefly explain the roles of the GI hormones â€“ CCK, VIP, GIPand secretin.
2. A. In order, list the components of the digestive systemalong with its associated glands/organs.
B. List and describe the 3 methods of propelling and mixing foodutilized in different segments in the digestive tract and wherethey occur.
C. Describe where digestive and absorption of carbohydrates,proteins and fats occurs in the digestive tract.
D. Name the six sphincters found in the digestive tract andwhere they are specifically located.

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4.1 Ratings (690 Votes)

1 A Chloride shift also known as theHamburger shift is a process which occurs in acardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonateHCO3 and chloride Cl across the membrane ofred blood cells RBCsBicarbonate in the red blood cell RBC exchanging with chloridefrom plasma in the lungsThe underlying properties creating the chloride shift are thepresence of carbonic anhydrase within the RBCs but not the plasmaand the permeability of the RBC membrane to carbon dioxide andbicarbonate ion but not to hydrogen ion Continuous process ofcarbonic acid dissociation and outflow of bicarbonate ions wouldeventually lead to a change of intracellular electric potentialbecause of lasting H ions Inflow of chloride ions maintainselectrical neutrality of a cell The net direction ofbicarbonatechloride exchange bicarbonate out of RBCs in thesystemic capillaries bicarbonate into RBCs at pulmonarycapillaries proceeds in the direction that decreases the sum ofthe electrochemical potentials for the chloride and bicarbonateions being transportedB Intrinsic See Answer

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